When I asked the above question in a Telegram group, people proposed also other tools, which I am summarizing below.
Amiad Bareli, Amit Aronovitch, Meir Gil and Yehuda Deutsch – thanks.
- ImageMagick compare
- matplotlib testing framework – supports also PDF:
>>> import matplotlib.testing.compare >>> matplotlib.testing.compare.comparable_formats() ['png', 'eps', 'svg', 'pdf']
- github: matplotlib / pytest-mpl – a pytest plugin to faciliate image comparison for Matplotlib figures.
- pHash – The open source perceptual hash library.
- github: philipbl / duplicate-images – an example of pHash usage.